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Major solar panel plant opens in US amid backdrop of industry worries about imports_我的网站

A |     A South Korean company has begun production at a huge new solar panel factory in Georgia even as industry leaders say surging Asian imports could dampen efforts to make more solar components in the United States.Qcells, a unit of South Korea’s Hanwha Group, said Wednesday that it can now turn out enough solar panels to generate 5.1 gigawatts of power yearly at a two-factory complex in the northwest Georgia city of Dalton. That's almost 40% of U.S. solar panel capacity, according to figures from the Solar Energy Industries Association. Qcells' opened its first factory in 2019 and an even larger plant in phases since, what the company describes as the largest solar investment in American history. “It’s another milestone as we as a company really strive to become a global leader and a U.S. leader in solar manufacturing," said Scott Moskowitz, Qcells head of market strategy and public affairs, speaking with The Associated Press after a plant tour Monday.The company says its new plant is the first solar module factory in the U.S. to begin production since passage of President Joe Biden’s signature climate legislation. Qcells' $208 million investment again shows how federal incentives are spurring a nationwide boom in renewable energy and electric vehicles.Industry jitters about a flood of cheap solar panels from overseas show how dependent on federal policy the solar industry remains. That's a threat in part because former President Donald Trump, the frontrunner for the 2024 Republican nomination, is hostile to renewable energy.Qcells leaders say the new plant showcases more efficient equipment and processes, part of a much larger investment intended to bring key steps in solar manufacturing to the U.S. A solar panel, or module, is assembled from solar cells most commonly made from wafers cut from ingots of polysilicon. Today, the company's solar cells are imported from Asia. But 30 miles (50 kilometers) south of Dalton in Cartersville, Qcells is building a $2.3 billion complex to take polysilicon refined in Washington state and make ingots, wafers and solar cells — in addition to 3.3 gigawatts of solar modules. That plant is scheduled to open in phases starting next year.Currently, no silicon ingots or wafers are made in the U.S. But Biden's Inflation Reduction Act, besides offering a extra tax credit on American-made solar equipment, lets manufacturers earn incentives for every unit of polysilicon they refine and every wafer, cell and module they make. For example, Qcells earns a tax credit of 7 cents per watt for every panel it makes in Dalton, or $34.30 for every 490-watt residential panel made.Even with that boost, solar industry leaders warn, factories will struggle to compete with a new spike in cheap Asian imports. They're again urging federal officials to investigate whether solar panels are being dumped at unfairly low prices. Previous investigations have led to anti-dumping tariffs on panels made in China and Taiwan.U.S. officials shouldn't regard the spike as a normal market fluctuation, said Mike Carr, executive director of the Solar Energy Manufacturers for America Coalition, a group that includes Qcells. He argues Chinese component makers are pushing out cheap modules from southeast Asian factories, tanking panel prices to ensure Chinese dominance and smother U.S. manufacturing.“This is likely to be the No. 1 new energy source in the 21st century," Carr said. "It’s already cheaper than pretty much anything else to install. It is the path to meeting our climate goals. So I think it becomes a real national security kind of concern. The way OPEC is in oil markets, we don’t want to allow China to become that same controller of supply in solar.”Qcells sees current low prices as a “near-term challenge" in achieving economies of scale and serving a long-term market, Moskowitz said. Beyond trade policy, he said, requiring federal agencies to buy American-made products and promoting panels produced with fewer carbon emissions could bolster Qcells.Politics envelops the solar industry. Vice President Kamala Harris visited the plant earlier this year. At the state level, Republican Gov. Brian Kemp has wrestled with Democratic U.S. Sen. Jon Ossoff over political credit for electric vehicle and renewable energy investments flowing to Georgia. “Out of all the places Qcells could have gone, they chose to operate and expand here in Georgia because of our unrivaled assets and the competitive package we put together,” Kemp said in a statement.Ossoff and fellow Georgia Democratic Sen. Raphael Warnock note they authored the component incentives that benefit Qcells, emphasizing federal policy. “Our state is emerging as the advanced energy capital of the nation, thanks to federal infrastructure and manufacturing policies that are benefiting Georgia more than any other state,” Ossoff said in a statement.Qcells, for its part, praises both state and federal assistance.“To build these markets up and to have them work, you need a whole government approach," Moskowitz said.。    　　【导读】特朗普语出惊人，美国军队可能会被用于更大规模的干预，以降低美国国债的收益率　　大家好，简单关注一下美债的小插曲。　　美国总统唐纳德·特朗普表示，他甚至可能动用军方对债券市场进行“干预”。

B | 这一表态出现在记者追问美国财政部长贝森特为压低飙升的美债收益率所采取的措施时，不过特朗普的回答令人颇为困惑。　　美国财政部周三出乎华尔街意料地宣布，从下个月开始，将把长期美国国债的回购规模“至少提高一倍”。这一举措最初推动长期美债价格大幅上涨，使30年期美债收益率从几天前创下的19年高位明显回落，但此后收益率又重新走高。

C | 　　周五下午，在登上“空军一号”前，特朗普在停机坪接受记者提问。一名记者问他，是否是他要求贝森特出手干预债券市场，以及这一行动是否出自他的主意。

D | 　　特朗普回答：“没有，完全没有。他是个非常有能力的人，是他自己想这么做的。他很擅长这个。他对债券和利率有很好的感觉，是一种非常好的天然直觉。然后他就这么做了？对。”　　记者随后指出：“但从那以后，收益率又涨回去了。你有没有和他讨论过其他形式的干预？他接下来还会采取其他措施吗？”　　特朗普回答：“我们有很多种干预方式，这只是其中一种。”　　随后他补充道：“终极的干预手段，是我们的军队。

E | 如果我们必须使用军队，我们就会使用。”　　贝森特周四接受采访时曾表示，特朗普政府拥有一个用于稳定债券市场的“大型政策工具箱”，但他拒绝具体列举还有哪些可用手段。

F | 　　不过，在特朗普发表上述言论后，目前甚至已经很难判断，他和贝森特所说的究竟是不是同一个“工具箱”。　　近期美债收益率持续上升，市场主要担忧包括美国财政赤字、不断膨胀的政府债务、高企的通胀，以及科技公司为大规模投资人工智能而掀起的发债潮。　　当前市场讨论的焦点是：如果美债收益率再次走高，贝森特还会动用哪些工具？以及如果美国财政部的“火力”存在上限，美联储是否最终会被迫出手。　　分析师表示：“财政部干预面临的根本问题是，这需要花钱。目前，财政部主要是通过减少长期债务、增加短期债务的方式为这些操作融资。但由于联邦债务总额受到债务上限约束，财政部最终还是会耗尽弹药。如果财政部耗尽火力，而收益率再次飙升，美联储可能会感到不得不出手购买这些债券。如果这种情景发生，那么美联储主席沃什关于缩减美联储资产负债表的内部讨论，可能就完全失去现实意义。

G | 美联储非但无法退出财政领域，反而可能被进一步拖进去。

H | ”　　财政部下一步可能采取的措施之一，是调整长期国债的发行结构。

I | 　　美国财政部最近发布的季度债务发行政策声明中，对相关措辞进行了调整，由此引发市场大量猜测：财政部官员可能考虑减少最长期限国债的拍卖规模，同时，如果未来需要增加发债，则更多集中在融资成本更低的短期和中期国债。

J | 　　法国资产管理公司Amundi全球固定收益首席投资官格雷瓜尔·佩斯克表示，美债回购虽然能够向市场释放信号，但仅靠回购并不足以扭转收益率的整体方向。　　他还表示，为了巩固美联储抗击通胀的信誉，美联储可能仍需要加息。　　高盛集团策略师也提出了类似观点。他们认为，无论财政部采取多少措施，真正能够压低美债收益率的最好办法，还是让通胀降下来。　　这一问题也将成为美联储主席凯文·沃什下周在堪萨斯城联储杰克逊霍尔经济政策研讨会上发表主题演讲时必须面对的重要议题。

K | 　　目前，利率互换市场显示，交易员预计美联储在9月会议上加息的概率约为40%，而市场直到今年年底前后才完全计入一次加息。（文章来源：中国基金报）。

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